BAJA CALIFORNIA

The Baja California peninsula has two states, Baja California situated in the north, and Baja California Sur. Baja California covers an area of 71,450 km2 and borders the state of California in the United States to the north. Wine is produced in the northwestern part of the state, also known as the Baja region. Here, there is a Mediterranean, cool and strongly maritime climate. Summers are hot and dry, winters are mild and rainy. The total annual rainfall is 200 mm.

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Baja produces 80% of all Mexican wine, mainly in the municipality of Ensenada. The vineyards start in the north of the state in the municipality of Tecate and move towards the west coast along Ensenada. In the southern part there are several valleys with altitudes ranging from 100 to 800 metres above sea level with an ideal climate for certain grape varieties.

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Nevertheless, there are different valleys where vines are grown in Baja, the most important being the valleys of Las Palmas in the municipality of Tecate, Valle de Calafia, Valle de Ojos Negros, Valle de San Vicente, and Valle de Guadalupe. The latter is renowned for its gastronomy and as one of the most important tourist destinations in the country. Its climatic conditions present episodes of extreme heat, strong winds and a thermal amplitude that makes the plants have low yields. This allows the wines to have a good concentration and expression.

On the other hand, Ojos Negros valley has an altitude of 750 metres above sea level, which generates a colder climate than the rest of the valleys. These conditions allow the cultivation of varieties that do not tolerate much heat, with fruity notes, without having high alcoholic graduations and with a better balance between acidity and freshness. 

In the north part of the state is the Palmas Valley in Tecate, which is characterised by its mineral soils and temperate climate. This is favourable for growing high quality vines and varieties that require more body and structure.

In the Baja region, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Nebbiolo and Chenin Blanc stand out. Other grape varieties are also produced such as Misión, which is characterised by being the first variety planted and acquires its name during the Spanish missions, Grenache, Carignan, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot, Barbera, Zinfandel, Syrah, Mourvedre, Petite Syrah, Palomino, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Viognier and Moscatel.

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